Why Are My Eyes So Dry? Understanding and Managing Dry Eye Syndrome in Seniors

Finding Relief from Dry, Irritated Eyes

Fortunately, many effective strategies and treatments are available to manage dry eye symptoms. This guide from Elderly Care First will help seniors (65+) and their caregivers understand the causes of dry eye, recognize the symptoms, and explore practical ways to find lasting relief.

What is Dry Eye Syndrome?

Dry Eye Syndrome (or simply “dry eye”) occurs when your eyes don’t produce enough tears, or when the tears produced aren’t the right quality to properly lubricate the eye’s surface. Tears are essential for maintaining eye health and clear vision; they wash away foreign particles, reduce infection risk, and keep the front surface of the eye (the cornea) smooth and clear.

Tears are made up of three layers: oil, water, and mucus. An imbalance in any of these layers can lead to dry eye. Either your eyes aren’t making enough of the watery component, or the oily layer (which prevents evaporation) isn’t sufficient, causing tears to dry up too quickly.

Common Symptoms of Dry Eye

Dry eye symptoms can vary but often include:

• Stinging, burning, or scratchy sensation in the eyes.
• Feeling like something is in your eye (foreign body sensation).
• Eye redness.
• Sensitivity to light.
• Watery eyes: This seems counterintuitive, but it’s the body’s reflex response to irritation. However, these reflex tears lack the proper lubricating balance.
• Blurry vision, especially towards the end of the day or after focusing for long periods (like reading or computer use).
• Difficulty wearing contact lenses.
• Stringy mucus in or around the eyes.
• Eye fatigue.

Symptoms can often worsen in dry or windy environments, during air travel, or after prolonged screen time.

Why Are Dry Eyes More Common in Seniors?

Several factors contribute to the increased prevalence of dry eye in older adults:

• Age: Tear production naturally tends to decrease as we get older.
• Medications: Many common medications taken by seniors can reduce tear production as a side effect. These include antihistamines, decongestants, blood pressure medications (like diuretics), antidepressants, Parkinson’s medications, and hormone replacement therapy.
• Medical Conditions: Certain health conditions are linked to dry eye, including rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, thyroid disorders, and diabetes. Blepharitis (eyelid inflammation) can also disrupt the oily layer of tears.
• Environmental Factors: Dry climates, wind, smoke, and indoor heating or air conditioning can increase tear evaporation.
• Reduced Blinking: Concentrating on tasks like reading or computer work often leads to less frequent blinking, preventing tears from spreading evenly.
• Eyelid Problems: Issues with eyelid function (like eyelids turning inward or outward) can affect tear distribution.
• Past Eye Surgery: Some eye surgeries, including LASIK or cataract surgery, can temporarily or sometimes persistently cause dry eye symptoms.

How is Dry Eye Diagnosed?

An eye doctor (ophthalmologist or optometrist) can diagnose dry eye based on your symptoms, medical history, and specific tests during an eye exam. These tests might include:

• Measuring Tear Volume: Using special strips of paper placed under the lower eyelids (Schirmer test).
• Assessing Tear Quality: Using dyes (like fluorescein or lissamine green) to see how quickly tears evaporate and check for damage to the eye’s surface.
• Examining Eyelids and Cornea: Looking for signs of inflammation or related conditions.

Finding Relief: Home Remedies & Lifestyle Tips

Often, simple changes and home care can provide significant relief:

• Use Artificial Tears: Over-the-counter lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) are a mainstay of treatment. Use them regularly, even when your eyes feel fine, to maintain lubrication. Look for preservative-free options if you need to use drops more than four times a day, as preservatives can sometimes cause irritation with frequent use. 
• Remember to Blink: Make a conscious effort to blink more often, especially during prolonged reading or screen use.

Other Treatment Options

If home remedies aren’t sufficient, your eye doctor may recommend other treatments:

• Prescription Eye Drops: Medications are available to reduce inflammation (like cyclosporine or lifitegrast) or stimulate tear production.
• Punctal Plugs: Tiny plugs inserted into the tear drainage ducts in the corners of the eyes can help keep natural tears on the eye surface longer.
• Specialty Contact Lenses: Scleral lenses or bandage lenses can protect the eye surface and trap moisture.
• Treating Underlying Conditions: Addressing related conditions like blepharitis or other medical issues is important.

When to See Your Eye Doctor

While mild dry eye can often be managed with over-the-counter drops and lifestyle changes, consult your eye doctor if:

• Your symptoms are severe or persistent despite home care.
• You experience eye pain or significant changes in vision.
• You suspect an eye infection (redness, discharge, pain).
• You are unsure about the cause of your symptoms.

Your eye doctor can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific situation.

Comfort and Clear Vision are Possible

Dry eye syndrome is common in seniors, but it doesn’t have to significantly impact your daily life. By understanding the potential causes, recognizing symptoms, trying simple home remedies, and seeking professional care when needed, you can effectively manage dry eye and maintain comfortable, clearer vision.

Elderly Care First is committed to providing practical information to help you navigate conditions like dry eye syndrome. Explore our resources and talk to your eye care professional about finding the best relief for you.